This Samore_readme.txt file was generated on 20230623 by Candace Haroldsen.
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GENERAL INFORMATION
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1. Title of Dataset: Epicenter Long-term Care Facility (LTCF) Interview and Observation Data from the University of Utah from the CDC-funded Epicenter LTCF Project
2. Author Information
  Principal Investigator Contact Information
        Name: Matthew H. Samore, MD
           Institution: University of Utah/Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System
           Address: Division of Epidemiology, 295 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 81408
           Email: matthew.samore@hsc.utah.edu
  Associate or Co-investigator Contact Information
        Name: Lindsay D. Visnovsky, PhD
           Institution: University of Utah/Salt Lake City Veterans Affairs
           Address: Division of Epidemiology, 295 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 81408
           Email: lindsay.visnovsky@hsc.utah.edu
  Associate or Co-investigator Contact Information
        Name: Molly Leecaster, PhD
           Institution: University of Utah/Salt Lake City Veterans Affairs
           Address: Division of Epidemiology, 295 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 81408
           Email: molly.leecaster@utah.edu
  Alternate Contact Information
           Name: Candace Haroldsen, MSPH
           Institution: University of Utah/Salt Lake City Veterans Affairs
           Address: Division of Epidemiology, 295 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 81408
           Email: candace.haroldsen@hsc.utah.edu
  
3. Date of data collection (single date, range, approximate date) <suggested format YYYYMMDD>
2019-2020: dates removed for data privacy

4. Geographic location of data collection (where was data collected?): 
Unit level among long term care facilities in California, Oregon, New York, Minnesota, Tennessee, Georgia, and Maryland.

5. Information about funding sources that supported the collection of the data: 
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) funded Epicenter project entitled: "Drivers of Variation in Contact Networks in Long Term Care Facilities". Contract no. U01CK000555. Also supported by the CDC Emerging Infections Program cooperative agreement CK17-1701.

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SHARING/ACCESS INFORMATION
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1. Licenses/restrictions placed on the data: Open Access
2. Links to publications that cite or use the data: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36996876/ 
3. Links to other publicly accessible locations of the data: None
4. Links/relationships to ancillary data sets: https://github.com/UofUEpiBio/epicenter (not yet publicly posted but this is the URL once made public)
5. Was data derived from another source? No
           If yes, list source(s):
6. Recommended citation for the data: Haroldsen C, Samore, M., Leecaster, M., Visnovsky, LD., Fridkin S, Dube W, Katz M, Polgreen P, Roghmann MC, Khader K, Li L, Dumyati G, Tsay R, Lynfield R, Mahoehney JP, Nadle J, Hutson J, Pierce R, Zhang A, Wilson C, Mulvey D, Reddy SC, Stone ND, Slayton RB, Thompson ND, Stratford K. (2023.) Healthcare worker (HCW) interviews and observations of unit movements to understand variation in resident-HCW contact networks within long term care facilities. 2024. The Hive: University of Utah Research Data Repository. https://doi.org/10.7278/S50d-bjx8-3ms8 

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DATA & FILE OVERVIEW
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1. File List
   A. Filename: EpicenterLTCF_Interviews.csv
      Short description: This dataset contains raw interview data from all 25 participating facilities in 7 states. Data collected include information on healthcare employee contacts made with facility residents in resident rooms and common areas, order of interactions with residents, types of care activities performed during resident-HCW interactions, hand hygiene, and equipment use, as reported by healthcare personnel.
   B. Filename: EpicenterLTCF_Observations.csv
      Short description: This dataset contains observations of types of care provided to residents, by healthcare worker type, and describes hand hygiene practices before and after care, as well as any equipment used during care. Data collected are from all 25 participating facilities.       

2. Relationship between files: linkable by facility, unit, and room number. Not all rooms had observations (i.e. there will be interviews without corresponding observations). Interviews were retrospective for HCW activity during the 60-90 minutes prior to interview so interview and room observation periods will not perfectly overlap.    
3. Additional related data collected that was not included in the current data package: N/A
4. Are there multiple versions of the dataset? NO
   If yes, list versions: N/A
      
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METHODOLOGICAL INFORMATION
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1. Description of methods used for collection/generation of data: 

Study methods are detailed at: Chang N, et al. Asssessing pathogen transmission opportunities: variation in nursing home staff-resident interactions. 2023. J Am Med Dir Assoc; 24(5). doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2023.02.018. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36996876/ . The paper at the provided URL includes additional data collection elements which are not a part of this data repository. Data use agreements prohibit the sharing of those data.

Facilities: Twenty-five long-term care facilities (LTCFs) were recruited by Emerging Infections Program (EIP) staff in seven of the ten states with an EIP (California, Georgia, Maryland, Minnesota, New York, Oregon, Tennessee). Each EIP site enrolled 3 to 5 facilities. Eligible LTCFs had at least 2 units or a minimum of 30 beds. Only long-term care, ventilator-capable, skilled nursing, short stay/rehabilitation, or mixed patient group units had data collected. No memory or hospice care units were studied. At each facility, a long-term care unit and one higher acuity unit were observed.

Study structure: Each nursing home unit was visited twice and observed for seven to eight hours during each visit. Study visits were made three to six months apart. Each EIP site was partnered with a CDC Epicenter academic partner. One CDC Epicenter site worked with a single EIP partner; the other two CDC Epicenters collaborated with 3 EIP partners each and conducted observations and healthcare worker (HCW) interviews for all LTCFs recruited by the partner EIPs.

Observations: Resident rooms were observed as a block of two to six rooms at a time. Resident rooms were block randomized without replacement to decide order of observations for room blocks. Each observation period was 50-60 minutes. Observations were made from the facility hallway. Data on care activities and infection prevention behaviors (hand hygiene and glove/gown use) were observed. Multiple care activity types could be selected for each interaction. Observations included HCW role but HCWs were not tracked or linked across observations (within same day or across the two data collection visits).

Interviews: On the same day as observations were conducted, a second person completed interviews of HCWs at 60-90 minute intervals. Interviews collected the same information on care activities as observation data but also directly recorded HCWs’ reported order of resident visits. Interviews did not ask HCWs about infection prevention behaviors. During a study visit, a HCW had the same study letter assigned so their movements could be linked within the same study day. HCWs were NOT linked between visits (to permit deidentified data collection). During a study visit, HCWs could be interviewed up to 7 times. HCWs on the same unit and of the same role may or may not be the same person at the second visit given staff turnover. Interviews were conducted relative to time since the HCW was last interviewed so it not exactly concurrent with room observation data. 

2. Methods for processing the data: 
Data from each site was downloaded from REDCap and then combined into one comprehensive dataset. Minimal processing was done to raw data. Processing included aggregation of wide variables when appropriate, aliasing room numbers to protect sensitive information, and reformatting to assist with ease of use.

3. Instrument- or software-specific information needed to interpret the data: 
REDCap was used for data entry and storage.
SAS 9.4 was used for importing and processing data. 

No special software is required for use of current dataset (csv format).

4. Standards and calibration information, if appropriate: REDCap data collection was standardized in order to facilitate compilation of data.

5. Environmental/experimental conditions: This study was performed in vivo in long term care facilities.

6. Describe any quality-assurance procedures performed on the data: 
Data processing/cleaning steps:
Export raw data from REDCaps
Format each dataset to prepare for combining
Combine all datasets into one comprehensive dataset
Aggregate wide variables when possible
Alias facility and room numbers and mapped unit type (removing actual unit name) for protection of sensitive information

7. People involved with sample collection, processing, analysis and/or submission:
Data Manager: Candace Haroldsen, MSPH
Study Coordinators: Kristina Stratford, Diane Mulvey
Data Collection Team: S Fridkin, W Dube, M Katz, P Polgreen, MC Roghmann, D Mulvey, K Stratford
Data processing and/or analysis: NCN Chang, M Leecaster, S Fridkin, W Dube, M Katz, P Polgreen, MC Roghmann, K Khader, L Li, G Dumyati, R Tsay, R Lynfield, JP Mahoehney, J Nadle, J Hutson, R Pierce, A Zhang, C Wilson, C Haroldsen, D Mulvey, SC Reddy, ND Stone, RB Slayton, ND Thomposon, K Stratford, M Samore, LD Visnovsky

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DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: EpicenterLTCF_Interviews.csv
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1. Number of variables:
27

2. Number of cases/rows: 
14,394

3. Variable List:

Name: FacNumber
       Description: Random number identifying each unique facilty

Name: unit_type
	Description: type of unit
	Values: 'Long-term', 'Short stay/Rehab', 'Mixed', 'Skilled Nursing', 'Ventilator'

Name: room_alias
	Description: aliased room number (aliased to protect PHI)

Name: state
	Description: U.S. state in which the facility is located

Name: StudyDay
	Description: replaces date

Name: time
	Description: time of interview. Note: most sites entered using required 24-hour format, although not all sites used this and no AM/PM variable was collected.

Name: time_covered
	Description: number of minutes of duration of interview

Name: hcw_id
	Description: A through Z letter used to identify same healthcare worker across interviews within same visit day. The same letter used on a different study day is not the same healthcare worker.

Name: hcw_type
	Description: type of healthcare worker
		Values: Nurse, CNA, PT/OT, RT, Physician, PA/NP, Other

Name: other_hcw_type
	Description: free text for 'other' value in hcw_type

Name: outside_unit
	Description: Answer to question: Did you provide care on other units during this shift?
		Values: Yes, No

Name: outside_unit_notes
	Description: free text describing place and time of care provided outside of unit.


Name: roomorder
	Description: Order of activity 
		Value: 1-n

Name: care_activities1
	Description: Hygiene
		Value: Yes, No
		
Name: care_activities2
	Description: Medication Administration
		Value: Yes, No

Name: care_activities3
	Description: Dressing Resident
		Value: Yes, No

Name: care_activities4
	Description: Transfer
		Value: Yes, No

Name: care_activities5
	Description: Wound Care
		Value: Yes, No

Name: care_activities6
	Description: Vent/Trach Care
		Value: Yes, No

Name: care_activities7
	Description: Device Care
		Value: Yes, No

Name: care_activities8
	Description: Stool Cleanup
		Value: Yes, No

Name: care_activities9
	Description: Linen Change
		Value: Yes, No

Name: care_activities10
	Description: PT/OT
		Value: Yes, No

Name: care_activities11
	Description: Glucometer
		Value: Yes, No

Name: care_activities12
	Description: Vital Signs
		Value: Yes, No

Name: care_activities13
	Description: Nutrition/Feeding
		Value: Yes, No

Name: care_activities14
	Description: Other
		Value: Yes, No


4. Missing data codes: hcw_type_other is blank unless hcw_type='other'; outside_unit_notes is left blank if not filled out.

5. Specialized formats of other abbreviations used: NA

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DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: EpicenterLTCF_Observations.csv
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1. Number of variables:
38
2. Number of cases/rows: 
5981
3. Variable List

Name: StudyDay
	Description: replaces date of observation

Name: state
	Description: U.S state facility is located in

Name: FacNum
	Description: random number indentifying each unique facility in which the observation took place

Name: unit_type
	Description: type of unit

Name: room_alias
	Description: aliased room number (aliased to protect PHI)

Name: obs_start
	Description: start time of observation of room blocks; Note: most sites entered using required 24-hour format, although not all sites used this and no AM/PM variable was collected.

Name: obs_end
	Description: end time of observation of room blocks

Name: hcw_type
	Description: healthcare worker type
		Values: Nurse, Aide, Physician, Resp. Therapy, PT/OT, Other

Name: other_hcw_type
	Description: free text description of hcw_type if 'other'

Name: contact_type
	Description: type of contact observed
		Values: Environment, Direct Touch, Both, Neither, Unobserved

Name: hh_before
	Description: was hand hygiene performed prior to activity?
		Values: Yes, No, Unobserved

Name: hh_after
	Description: was hand hygiene performed after activity?
		Values: Yes, No, Unobserved

Name: Hygiene
	Description: Care was hygiene
		Values: Checked, Unchecked (Checked=Yes, Unchecked=No)

Name: MedAdmin
	Description: Care was Medication Administration
		Values: Checked, Unchecked (Checked=Yes, Unchecked=No)

Name: Dressing
	Description: Care was dressing resident
		Values: Checked, Unchecked (Checked=Yes, Unchecked=No)

Name: Transfer
	Description: Care was transfer of resident
		Values: Checked, Unchecked (Checked=Yes, Unchecked=No)

Name: Woundcare
	Description: Care was wound care
		Values: Checked, Unchecked (Checked=Yes, Unchecked=No)

Name: VentTrach
	Description: Care was Ventilater/trach care
		Values: Checked, Unchecked (Checked=Yes, Unchecked=No)

Name: Device
	Description: Care was Device care
		Values: Checked, Unchecked (Checked=Yes, Unchecked=No)

Name: Stool
	Description: Care was Stool clean up
		Values: Checked, Unchecked (Checked=Yes, Unchecked=No)

Name: Linen
	Description: Care was linen change 
		Values: Checked, Unchecked (Checked=Yes, Unchecked=No)

Name: PT_OT
	Description: Care was Physical therapy/occupational therapy
		Values: Checked, Unchecked (Checked=Yes, Unchecked=No)

Name: Glucometer
	Description: Care was Glucometer
		Values: Checked, Unchecked (Checked=Yes, Unchecked=No)

Name: VitalSigns
	Description: Care was taking vital signs
		Values: Checked, Unchecked (Checked=Yes, Unchecked=No)

Name: Nutrition
	Description: Care was nutrition or feeding
		Values: Checked, Unchecked (Checked=Yes, Unchecked=No)

Name: CareUnobserved
	Description: Care was unobserved
		Values: Checked, Unchecked (Checked=Yes, Unchecked=No)

Name: CareNA
	Description: Not applicable
		Values: Checked, Unchecked (Checked=Yes, Unchecked=No)

Name: Equip_vitalsigns
	Description: Equipment brought into room was for vital signs
		Values: Checked, Unchecked (Checked=Yes, Unchecked=No)

Name: Equip_Glucometer
	Description: Equipment brought into room was a glucometer
		Values: Checked, Unchecked (Checked=Yes, Unchecked=No)

Name: Equip_Lift
	Description: Equipment brought into room was a lift
		Values: Checked, Unchecked (Checked=Yes, Unchecked=No)

Name: Equip_Scale
	Description:Equipment brought into room was a scale
		Values: Checked, Unchecked (Checked=Yes, Unchecked=No)

Name: Equip_Computer
	Description: Equipment brought into room was a computer
		Values: Checked, Unchecked (Checked=Yes, Unchecked=No)

Name: Equip_Bladder
	Description: Equipment brought into room was a bladder scanner or ultrasound
		Values: Checked, Unchecked (Checked=Yes, Unchecked=No)

Name: Equip_MedCart
	Description: Equipment brought into room was medication cart
		Values: Checked, Unchecked (Checked=Yes, Unchecked=No)

Name: Equip_PT
	Description: Equipment brought into room was physical therapy equipment
		Values: Checked, Unchecked (Checked=Yes, Unchecked=No)

Name: Equip_Other
	Description: Equipment brought into room was something other 
		Values: Checked, Unchecked (Checked=Yes, Unchecked=No)

Name: Equip_OtherSpec
	Description:free text explanation for equip_other if checked

Name: entry_time
	Description: time of healthcare personnel entry
		Values: (Min: 06:00, Max: 19:00)

Name: exit_time
	Description: time of healthcare personnel exit. Note: healthcare staff frequently conducted short check-in visits of patients so entry_time and exit_time may be the same given time granularity is only to the minute. This is not a data entry error.
		Values: (Min: 06:00, Max: 19:00)

4. Missing data codes: other_hcw_type is left blank if 'other' was not selected for hcw_type

5. Specialized formats of other abbreviations used: none