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- Description:
- Thin boundary layer Arctic mixed-phase clouds are generally thought to precipitate pristine and aggregate ice crystals. Here we present automated surface photographic measurements showing that only 35\% of precipitation particles exhibit negligible riming and that graupel particles $\geq1\,\rm{mm}$ in diameter commonly fall from clouds with liquid water paths less than $50\,\rm{g\,m^{-2}}$. A simple analytical formulation predicts that significant riming enhancement can occur in updrafts with speeds typical of Arctic clouds, and observations show that such conditions are favored by weak temperature inversions and strong radiative cooling at cloud top. However, numerical simulations suggest that a mean updraft speed of $0.75\,\rm{m\,s^{-1}}$ would need to be sustained for over one hour. Graupel can efficiently remove moisture and aerosols from the boundary layer. The causes and impacts of Arctic riming enhancement remain to be determined.
- Keyword:
- computational research, radiative transfer, microwave radiometer, liquid water path, graupel, Alaska, atmospheric radiation measurement, water vaper, atmospheric sciences, and arctic
- Subject:
- Atmospheric sciences, Computational research, and Arctic research
- Creator:
- Garrett, Timothy J. and Fitch, Kyle E.
- Contributor:
- Shkurko, Konstantin , Talaei, Ahmad, Gaustad, Krista, and Maahn, Maximilian
- Owner:
- BRIAN MCBRIDE
- Based Near Label Tesim:
- Oliktok Point, Alaska, United States
- Language:
- English
- Date Uploaded:
- 06/04/2020
- Date Modified:
- 10/25/2024
- Date Created:
- Code creation: 2016-12-08 to 2018-06-09, Processed: 2017-06-27, and Processed: 2019-03-20
- License:
- CC BY NC - Allows others to use and share your data non-commercially and with attribution.
- Resource Type:
- Software or Program Code and Dataset
- Identifier:
- https://doi.org/10.7278/s50dva5jk2pd