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  • Aletsch Glacier Subglacial Water Pressure and Temperature Data

    Description:
    Subglacial water pressures influence groundwater conditions in proximal alpine valley rock slopes, varying with glacier advance and retreat in parallel with changing ice thickness. Fluctuating groundwater pressures in turn increase or reduce effective joint normal stresses, affecting the yield strength of discontinuities. Here we extend simplified assumptions of glacial debuttressing to investigate how glacier loading cycles together with changing groundwater pressures generate rock slope damage and prepare future slope instabilities. Using hydromechanical coupled numerical models closely based on the Aletsch Glacier valley in Switzerland, we simulate Late Pleistocene and Holocene glacier loading cycles including long-term and annual groundwater fluctuations. Measurements of transient subglacial water pressures from ice boreholes in the Aletsch Glacier ablation area, as well as continuous monitoring of bedrock deformation from permanent GNSS stations helps verify our model assumptions. While purely mechanical glacier loading cycles create only limited rock slope damage in our models, introducing a fluctuating groundwater table generates substantial new fracturing. Superposed annual groundwater cycles increase predicted damage. The cumulative effects are capable of destabilizing the eastern valley flank of our model in toppling-mode failure, similar to field observations of active landslide geometry and kinematics. We find that hydromechanical fatigue is most effective acting in combination with long-term loading and unloading of the slope during glacial cycles. Our results demonstrate that hydromechanical stresses associated with glacial cycles are capable of generating substantial rock slope damage and represent a key preparatory factor for paraglacial slope instabilities.
    Keyword:
    Aletsch Glacier, boreholes, numerical models, subglacial water pressure, Switzerland, Late Pleistocene, Holocene, ground water, and geology
    Subject:
    Geology
    Creator:
    Moore, Jeffrey R., Loew, Simon, Limpach, Philippe, Gischig, Valentin, Grämiger, Lorenz, and Funk, Martin
    Owner:
    Jeff Moore
    Based Near Label Tesim:
    Aletsch Glacier, Valais, Switzerland
    Language:
    English
    Date Uploaded:
    01/03/2020
    Date Modified:
    10/29/2024
    Date Created:
    Borehole P1 2013-07-12 09:28:09 to 2014-08-08 09:11:14 and Borehole P2: 2013-07-16 05:00:03 to 2014-08-08 22:10:44
    License:
    CC BY NC - Allows others to use and share your data non-commercially and with attribution.
    Resource Type:
    Dataset
    Identifier:
    https://doi.org/10.7278/S50D-A50H-3TE4